Frequency Analysis of a Trailing Vortex Flow Subjected to External Turbulence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The frequency response of a trailing vortex downstream the free end of a NACA0015 wing section has been studied in a closed loop wind tunnel. The wing spanning approximately half height of the wind tunnel section was fixed to a dynamic load cell at the base. The flow cases studied have constant angle of attack of 10 degrees and constant Reynolds number of 160,000 based on the wing chord length while two levels of 0.5 and 4.6% free-stream turbulence were introduced to the flow. Lift and drag forces acting on the wing section were quantified using a load cell while an X-probe hot-wire was used to measure the turbulence parameters in the near-field wake region. The tip vortex was captured with sufficient accuracy. The effect of free-stream turbulence on the vortex structure has been discussed in detail by characterizing several turbulence parameters via time-averaging and frequency analysis of the turbulence signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".