Satellite observations of thermospheric wave 4 at high latitudes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Satellite observations of the ionosphere and thermosphere routinely reveal a zonal wavenumber 4 pattern in longitude. In the equatorial region, this is attributed primarily to the eastward propagating non-migrating diurnal tide of zonal wavenumber 3 known as DE3. In this report, the wave 4 is identified using daytime thermospheric airglow emission of atomic oxygen at 557.7 nm emitted from the O(1S) level, using the WIND imaging interferometer (WINDII), launched on NASA’s upper atmosphere research satellite (UARS) in 1991. Waves in the airglow emission rate are attributed to variations in the number density of atomic oxygen, but the WINDII interferometer also sees wave 4 in thermospheric winds from the phase shifts of the emission. What is new in this report is the observation of the wave 4 at high latitudes, where it has not been detected before. The characteristics are described and the possible influences discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".