Cellulolytic and pectinolytic activities of <i>Capnodium</i> isolates (sooty mould) from Zimbabwe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cellulolytic and pectinolytic activities of five Capnodium (sooty mould) isolates previously associated with preharvest spoilage of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits in Zimbabwe were assessed in liquid culture and in artificially infected avocado fruits. Polygalacturonase, endo-1,4-β-glucanase, and exo-1,4-β-glucanase activities were determined by measuring the increase in reducing groups using the dinitrosalicylic acid method, while for pectin lyase activity the thiobarbituric acid method was used. The five isolates showed the ability to produce polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, and endo-1,4-β-glucanase enzymes. Exo-1,4-β-glucanase activity was only detected in infected avocado tissue. The greyish black Capnodium isolates (Av7, Av8, and Av12) belonging to group I showed higher polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activities in both liquid culture and infected fruits than isolates Av3 and Av10 from group II. The same isolates showed higher exo-1,4-β-glucanase activity in infected avocado fruits. Results indicate that Capnodium, which normally is nonpathogenic, secretes cell wall degrading enzymes, especially pectic and cellulase enzymes. The detection of these enzymes in inoculated avocado fruits suggests a possible role in the preharvest soft rot of avocado fruits caused by Capnodium in Zimbabwe.Key words: Capnodium, sooty mould, pectic enzymes, avocados, cellulases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".