Effects of zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection on the subcellular distribution of glutathione and its precursors in a highly tolerant<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>cultivar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is an antioxidant that plays important protective roles during pathogen attack. Glutathione synthesis is a highly compartment-specific pathway and relies on the supply of its precursors cysteine, glutamate, and glycine. To study the importance of glutathione in the development of tolerance and resistance, glutathione and its precursors were quantified with cytohistochemical methods in a highly tolerant cultivar (‘Quine’) of Cucurbita pepo L. during zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infection. Glutathione concentrations were strongly increased in almost all cell compartments of younger leaves (up to 247% in peroxisomes), older leaves (up to 73% in the cytosol), and roots (up to 104% in nuclei) during ZYMV infection. In addition, glutathione precursor concentrations were generally unchanged or increased in all cell compartments of younger leaves and roots, indicating that glutathione synthesis in these organs was not limited by low levels of glutathione precursors. The lower increase of glutathione in older leaves could be caused by strongly decreased levels of glycine in plastids (42%) and the cytosol (53%) during ZYMV infection, as they are the main centers for glutathione synthesis. Nevertheless, as the increase in glutathione was in general much higher than that observed in a highly susceptible cultivar in previous studies, we can conclude that elevated glutathione concentrations can be strongly correlated with the development of tolerance during ZYMV infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".