Evaluation of a logarithmic-law strength rate parameter using full-flow penetrometers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relation between the strength law rate parameter and the observed rate effect from full-flow penetrometer soundings performed at different penetration velocities is discussed and examined herein through an analytical investigation. It is shown, using numerical results of steady-state (continuous) penetrations, that the shear strength and global penetration resistance follow a similar law in which the shear strength and penetration resistance increase linearly with the logarithm of shear strain and penetration velocity, respectively. However, the strain rate parameter that is associated with the in situ penetration is found to be different from the conventional laboratory-based strain rate factor when considering the logarithmic relation between strength and rate. Consequently, previous suggestions to estimate the laboratory-based strength rate parameter as equal to the in situ rate parameter can only be considered a first-order approximation. Analytical examination of the energy terms involved in the plasticity solution, under the relaxing assumption of a constant plastic flow field, has led to the development of a simplified expression that resulted in an in-situ-based rate parameter of µ/(1 + 5µ) (where µ is the conventional laboratory-based strength rate parameter). Comparison of the numerically derived values with the simplified analytical expression shows good agreement, suggesting that this relation may help establish the soil rate strength parameter from full-flow penetration tests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".