Mouth versus eyes: Gaze fixation during perception of sung interval size.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used eye tracking to examine the relative influence of the mouth and eyes on perception of sung interval size. Frequency and duration of gaze were tracked while participants rated the size of intervals produced by two singers in three signal-to-noise conditions, corresponding to high, medium and low audibility. All intervals ascended in pitch direction and ranged in size from 0 to 12 semitones. Both the frequency and duration of gaze fixations revealed that the mouth was the most salient aspect of the visual channel. However, gaze was diverted away from the mouth and toward the eyes with increasing audibility, interval size, and tonal consonance of intervals. A linear regression model incorporating all of these variables accounted for 50% of the variability in gaze duration for the mouth and 45% of the variability in gaze duration for the eyes. Results are discussed in the context of dynamic allocation of attentional resources on the basis of early registration of sensory input. This is the first study of singing to incorporate eye-tracking methodology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".