Three-dimensionalization of freely-decaying two-dimensional turbulence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The three-dimensionalization of freely-decaying two-dimensional turbulence is studied numerically. Using two different basic states, it is shown that the hyperbolic instability of steady mixing layers generalizes to unsteady flow. The growth of three-dimensional (3D) perturbations is interpreted in terms of a “pressureless” analysis in which horizontal pressure gradients are neglected and the underlying physical mechanism is advective in nature. For a steady, pressureless base flow the (asymptotic) growth rate is exactly determined, in a few special cases, by variants of the so-called Weiss criterion; more generally, local growth rate estimates are obtained. For freely-decaying two-dimensional turbulence there is analogous behavior: while the 3D perturbation remains small the pressureless approximation holds at large horizontal scales and local growth rate estimates apply. The pressureless modes have a determining influence on the growth (the damping effect of the horizontal pressure gradient is small).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".