Use of ammonium and other nitrogen tracers to investigate the spreading of shelf waters in the western Arctic halocline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The contribution of nutrient regeneration in summer to the nutrient maximum associated with Bering Sea Winter Water (BSWW) is estimated from the ammonium data, which was obtained in the outer shelf region of the Chukchi Sea for the first time by the R/V Mirai in 2002. The contribution rate reaches 20–30%, which is larger than the rate studied earlier inside the Chukchi shelf. Such BSWW influenced by the regeneration spreads to the Chukchi shelf slope up to the isobath of ∼3000 m, however, was not found in the Canada Basin. The ammonium and a nitrogen deficit are also useful tracers to study the spreading of shelf waters that are less saline than BSWW. In the Canada Basin, a small amount of ammonium (<2 μM) was observed east of the Northwind Ridge. This small amount of ammonium would be associated with the spreading of Eastern Chukchi Summer Water via the Barrow Canyon. Around the Chukchi Borderland, a prominent nitrogen deficit layer was found. It would be accompanied by Western Chukchi Summer Water via the Hope Valley–Herald Valley channel. The water flows into the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and then spreads eastward to the west of the Northwind Ridge with the decrease of nitrogen deficit signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".