Back to the roots? Herbal extracts modulate peristaltic reflex of rat small intestine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motility related disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are often treated with herbal extracts. STW 5 (Iberogast®), a fixed combination of herbal extracts with clinically proven efficacy in functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is used in Europe since decades for functional GI disorders. The mechanisms by which the herbal extracts induce the beneficial effects are known only in parts. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether the STW 5 and the individual herbal extracts influence the myenteric neuronal pathways underlying the peristaltic reflex of rat small intestine. The myenteric pathways of the peristaltic reflex were studied in 10cm ileum segments and peristaltic activity was stimulated by electrical stimulation. Ascending and descending reflex responses and respective latencies were recorded. Effects of drugs were observed after adding the herbal extracts to the organ bath in a cumulative manner. All reflex responses were blocked by tetrodotoxin and atropine indicating that they are mediated by neuronal, cholinergic mechanisms. STW 5 increased ascending reflex responses at lower concentrations and reduced ascending and descending reflex responses at higher concentrations. Additionally reflex latency is prolonged in the higher concentrations. This bidirectional response at different concentrations may be attributed to the composition of STW 5. The individual herbal extracts from STW 5 had individual, reproducible effects on the elicited reflex responses, showing concentration dependent effects which were reversible after washout. As can be concluded, herbal extracts modulate small intestinal motility by effects on the myenteric regulation of the peristaltic reflex. These effects are reproducible and reversible and may be involved in the reported resolution of symptoms in patients with IBS and FD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".