Fiber tip-based electron source
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors report on the first experimental characterization of a fiber tip-based electron source, where electron emission can be triggered by both electric field and optical excitation. Our approach consists of coating the open aperture of a commercial 100 nm apex size near-field scanning optical microscopy fiber tip with a 10 nm thick tungsten (W) layer, which is back-illuminated by a 405 nm continuous-wave laser beam in the presence of an extraction electric field. Despite the very low optical transmission of the fiber due to the subwavelength aperture size, measurements show a clearly enhanced emission when photoexciting the W layer with respect to pure field emission. The emission response time is slower than the optical trigger time, suggesting that thermal effects are predominant in the studied regime. To back up this hypothesis, the authors fabricated a nanometric thermocouple probe based on a Pt/Au junction and measured the temporal response of the tip temperature. The measured switch-on time for the tip temperature is consistent with the switch-on time of the optically enhanced electron emission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".