Neutral winds in the lower thermosphere observed by WINDII during the April 4–5th, 1993 storm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Data from a major geomagnetic storm in April 1993 were selected for the first WINDII study of storm‐induced neutral winds in the lower thermosphere between 90 and 200 km. The storm commenced at ∼1200 UT April 4th, when the Kp index increased from 1.3 to 7.7. The geomagnetic latitude range of WINDII measurements from the daytime O(¹S) emission reaches the southern geomagnetic pole. The wind exhibits a dramatic change during the storm. In the polar region the maximum velocity of ∼200 ms −1 at 140 km altitude on April 2nd increases to ∼650 ms −1 at 200 km on April 5th. Winds plotted in geomagnetic coordinates show the familiar two‐cell pattern in that winds are much stronger in the dusk sector than in the dawn sector. This pattern penetrates down to ∼130 km. During the recovery period on April 8th, winds at higher altitudes return to normal while the two‐cell pattern persists at lower altitudes. The thermospheric O(¹S) emission rate is severely depleted by the storm to half of its normal value.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".