Transmission of Y chromosomes from XY female mice was made possible by the replacement of cytoplasm during oocyte maturation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The B6.Y(TIR) sex-reversed female mouse is anatomically normal at young ages but fails to produce offspring. We have previously shown that its oocytes go through the meiotic cell cycle up to the second metaphase; however, the meiotic spindle is not properly organized, the second meiotic division goes awry after activation or fertilization, and none of the oocytes initiate embryonic development. In the present study, we transferred the nuclei of GV-stage oocytes from XY females into the enucleated GV-stage oocytes from (B6.DBA)F1.XX females. The resultant reconstructed oocytes properly assembled second meiotic spindles after in vitro maturation and produced healthy offspring after in vitro fertilization. Some male pups inherited maternal Y chromosomes. We conclude that the cytoplasm of the XY oocyte is insufficient to support spindle formation at the second metaphase whereas its replacement with the cytoplasmic material from an XX oocyte allows normal development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".