Le déclin des centres-villes : mythe ou réalité? Analyse comparative des régions métropolitaines nord-américaines.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pour les grandes villes nord-américaines, de nombreuses études confirment le déplacement des activités économiques vers la banlieue. Devons-nous pour autant sonner le glas des centres-villes et de la centralité? Après avoir effectué une revue des travaux sur le sujet, nous analysons 32 régions métropolitaines pour la période 1980-1995, en postulant que la force du centre-ville se révélera dans les rapports de prix centre/banlieue pour les espaces à bureau. Nous n'observons pas de tendance généralisée de déclin des centres villes. Les prix demeurent, en règle générale, plus élevés au centre, même s'il existe des pôles secondaires forts. Nous observons des différences importantes d'une ville et d'une région à l'autre, notamment entre villes canadiennes et américaines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".