Incidence and virulence of<i>Puccinia coronata</i>f. sp. avenae in Canada from 1996 to 1998
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) of oat (Avena sativa) was severe in Manitoba in 1996 and 1998 but was relatively mild in 1997. Heavy crown rust infections were also commonly found on wild oat (Avena fatua) in eastern Saskatchewan in 1996 and 1998. Warm weather with frequent dew periods favoured spread of the disease across southern Manitoba in 1996 and 1998. By early to mid-August, moderate to heavy infections (40-90%) were commonly found in fields of susceptible cultivars, such as Robert, Riel, Dumont, AC Preakness, and Jerry. Only trace levels of infections were found on the resistant cultivars AC Assiniboia, AC Medallion, and Triple Crown. From the eastern prairie region (Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan), 142, 123, and 111 virulence phenotypes were identified, respectively, from 328, 255, and 265 isolates in 1996, 1997, and 1998. From Ontario, 13, 29, and 48 virulence phenotypes were identified, respectively, from 22, 81, and 106 isolates in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Isolates with virulence to both genes Pc38 and Pc39 predominated in Canada during the years from 1996 to 1998. Combined virulence to genes Pc38, Pc39, and Pc68 was found in several isolates from Manitoba in 1998. Virulence to genes Pc48 and Pc96 ranged from 1.8 to 5.8% and virulence to gene Pc68 remained below 1.9% in the eastern prairie region during the years from 1996 to 1998. Virulence to genes Pc58 and Pc59 occurred at low levels in Ontario. Virulence to gene Pc94 was detected for the first time in the prairie region in 1998. Various combinations of genes Pc48, Pc58, Pc59, Pc68, Pc94, and Pc96 would be useful for combining resistance against crown rust in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".