Production and Quality of Irrigated Timothy Hay in Saskatchewan for Export Hay Markets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A market for timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hay exists in Asia and is adapted under irrigation in southern Saskatchewan, but variation among cultivars for the required quality characteristics was unknown. We evaluated forage yield and quality for export and traditional hay markets of timothy cultivars on two irrigated sites in southern Saskatchewan. Eleven cultivars were grown at two N fertilizer rates (100 and 150 kg N ha−1) at Swift Current and Outlook for 3 yr. Seed head length, stem length, leaf/stem ratio, forage dry matter yield, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude protein concentrations were determined. Seed head length and stem length, which are quality characteristics for export to Japan, were subject to site × cultivar × year interaction due to instability of some cultivars. ‘Drummond’ had the longest seed heads in five of six site‐years while ‘Toro’ had the shortest in four site‐years. ‘Timfor’ and Toro ranked first to fourth for stem length while Drummond and ‘Bottnia II’ had the shortest stems. Thus, the requirement for long heads and long stems was not met by one cultivar. Principal component analysis separated cultivars based on maturity compared with yield. Richmond, the earliest‐maturing cultivar, was distinct from Drummond, the latest cultivar. The second principal component separated Timfor, a high‐yield and low‐quality cultivar from Bottnia II, a low‐yield and high‐quality cultivar. Drummond is the best cultivar for export markets while Richmond is better suited for traditional markets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".