Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Based on Azepanium Imide Salts for Lithium Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ionic liquids based on the imide salts of the dialkyl azepanium cation, AZ (R 1 , R 2 ) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as electrolytes in lithium batteries.Nine salts were synthesized with variation in the length of the two alkyl groups [R 1 , R 2 = methyl (1), ethyl (2), propyl (3) and butyl (4)].It was found that the asymmetric ones with R 2 -R 1 ≥ 2 are liquids at ambient temperature.The three room-temperature ionic liquids (AZ13-TFSI, AZ14-TFSI, AZ24-TFSI) showed, in the neat form, ionic conductivities in the range of 0.1-0.6 mS/cm, viscosities of 260-350 cP and an electrochemical window of 5.5-6 V.It was found that mixing the ionic liquids with ethylene carbonate gave electrolytes with lower viscosities, increased conductivities and improved electrochemical cathodic stability.Electrolytes based on the ILs were evaluated in lithium half cells with different chemistries; Li/LiFePO 4 , Li/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , Li/LiCoO 2 ; and in the case of AZ14-TFSI a Li/LiFePO 4 cell, gave discharge capacities reaching 125 mAh.g -1 over 100 cycles with 98% coulombic efficiencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".