An acoustic study of pulmonic and ejective stops in the final coda position in Yucatec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, I present an acoustic analysis of contrast between pulmonic and ejective stops in the phrase final coda position in Yucatec, a Mayan language. Ejective consonants are found in about 16% of the world’s language, and there are a relatively large number of acoustic studies about these sounds. However, a significant empirical shortcoming of the previous studies is their exclusive focus on the acoustic realization of ejective consonants in the syllable onset position. This is partly due to a cross-linguistic tendency that ejective consonants are prohibited to occur in the syllable coda position. Therefore, data from Yucatec, which allows ejective consents to occur in the syllable coda position, fill the empirical gap. This study compared pulmonic stop /k/ and ejective stop /k’/ in the phrase final coda position taking a number of acoustic measurements. The results showed (1) stop release is shorter for the ejective, (2) stop closure duration is shorter for the ejective, (3) stop release noise intensity is higher for the ejective, and (4) the contrast between pulmonic and ejective stops affects the voice quality of the preceding short vowel (H1-H2 is lower for the short vowel preceding the ejective).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".