A Lowering of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk in Women with a BRCA1 Mutation by Selenium Supplementation of Diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Keywords: selenium, BRCA1, cancer prevention It has been shown that individuals with inherited predisposition to cancer (including colon, breast and ovary) have increased sensitivity to bleomycin. We published that bleomycin-induced chromosomal instability in BRCA1 carriers is inhibited by selenium supplementation in physiologic (according to WHO) doses. Selenium was shown to reduce the risk of several cancers. The aim of our study is to verify the idea that selenium supplementation of diet reduces the risk of cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation. We performed two pilot studies involving 200 healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers (100 matched pairs - cases and controls). After two years of oral selenium administration the frequency of BRCA1-associated tumours was two times lower in women who supplemented their diet with selenium, as compared to women without supplementation. We decided to verify these results in a clinical trial of a large series of BRAC1 positive women. This project includes 1,800 BRCA1 carriers aged older than 25, healthy or after unilateral mastectomy because of breast cancer. All women supplement their diet with selenium solution (Sel Vita Gen) produced by Vifarm S.A. in Warsaw. Fourteen centres throughout Poland participated in this study. Until December 2005 the study included 1,469 women with the BRCA1 mutation. Now, 960 women have regular supplementation with Sel Vita Gen and these are seen every 6 months for control visits (clinical examination and analysis of serum selenium level). 509 do not have supplementation because of pregnancy, bad toleration, or withdrawal of their participation. After 18 months of this study we reported 8 new cases of cancer in healthy women (5 breast cancers, 2 ovarian duct cancers, 1 ovarian cancer) and 8 cancer cases in women after mastectomy (5 breast cancers, 3 ovarian cancers). In order to obtain reliable results we will continue this study until we diagnose at least 60 new cases of cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".