AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 4 is involved in the Ca<sup>2+</sup>/auxin-regulated expression of<i>ZCAX3</i>gene in maize (<i>Zea mays</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a second messenger, calcium is involved in auxin signaling, and previous studies demonstrated that Arabidopsis CAX1 (Ca2+/H+exchanger) is involved in the auxin transduction pathway. This study was performed to investigate the possible role of auxin-binding proteins ABP1 and ABP4 in Ca2+/auxin-regulated growth in maize (Zea mays L.). We identified and cloned two AtCAX1 homologs in maize, ZCAX2 and ZCAX3. Using maize loss-of-function abp1 and abp4 mutants, the role of ABPs in Ca2+-dependent growth and in the Ca2+/auxin-regulated expression of the CAX genes was investigated in etiolated maize seedlings. Exogenous Ca2+enhanced mesocotyl but not coleoptile growth in WT, abp1, abp4, and abp1/abp4 mutants, but the maximum stimulation was in abp4. As well, in the abp4 mutant, maximum accumulation of Ca2+was observed when seedlings were exposed to exogenous Ca2+. In the mesocotyl of abp4 and double mutants, the expression of ZCAX3 was significantly reduced in the absence of exogenous Ca2+, whereas exogenous Ca2+significantly up-regulated its expression in both mutants. This effect of Ca2+was not observed in the coleoptile. In the absence of NAA, knockout of ABP4 led to significant drop of ZCAX3 expression in the mesocotyl, and exogenous auxin significantly inhibited expression of the ZCAX3 in WT, but not in abp mutants. This effect of auxin was not observed in the coleoptile. Our results indicate that in the absence of NAA, functional ABP4 is required for ZCAX3 expression and that ABP4 mediates the inhibitory effect of NAA on ZCAX3 expression. We provided evidence for a cross talk between ABP4, exogenous auxin, Ca2+, and ZCAX3 during growth of etiolated maize mesocotyl.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".