PRIMARY PHASES AND NATURAL WEATHERING OF OLD LEAD ZINC PYROMETALLURGICAL SLAG FROM PRIBRAM, CZECH REPUBLIC
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pyrometallurgical slag, produced 100–150 years ago from lead–zinc ores in the smelting region of Příbram, Czech Republic, contains elevated amounts of Zn and Pb. Knowledge of the distribution of these elements in the main phases and an investigation of natural weathering features represent the first step in the environmental assessment related to dumping of metallurgical slag. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron-beam microanalysis (EMPA) were used to identify the silicate, oxide, sulfide and metallic phases. The study focused on silicates and oxides, and the major constituents of the slag proved to be clinopyroxene, melilite, olivine, spinel and glass. A substantial amount of zinc, initially dissolved in the silicate melt, is held by zinc-rich end-members of the spinel (gahnite, up to 19.9 wt % ZnO) and silicates (e.g., hardystonite, up to 10.5 wt % ZnO). Lead, in contrast, behaves as an “incompatible element ” and is likely to be concentrated in the residual matrix glass. Two distinct glasses were identified: (i) transparent (surface) glass from the quenched borders of slag fragments, and (ii) opaque (matrix) glass, which forms a black matrix in the center of the fragments. These glasses contain important amounts of lead and zinc, up to 3.72 wt % PbO and 9.80 wt % ZnO, partly in the form of droplets (generally <1 m) composed of galena, metallic lead, ZnS and other sulfide and metallic phases and alloys. Two features attributed to natural weathering, found mainly on the surface of chilled-glass borders, were identified in the slag: (i) deposition of a Fe- and Pb-rich veneer, and (ii) selective leaching of superficial glass revealing, with respect to unaltered glass, the mobilization of Ca, Fe, Na, K,
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it