Tarsal fusion and the formation of the astragalus in <i>Hylonomus lyelli</i>, the earliest amniote, and other early tetrapods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We sincerely thank A. C. Milner (NHMUK), R. Carroll (Redpath Museum, McGill University), and K. Shepherd (CMN) for access to specimens. We thank H. Jamniczky for discussions about bone formation around arteries. The manuscript was significantly improved by comments from S. Modesto, J. Müller, F. R. O'Keefe, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for this research was provided by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Alberta Innovates Predoctoral Scholarships (to T.E.M.) and an NSERC Discovery Grant (to J.S.A.). Handling editor: Sean Modesto
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".