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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology
Adam E. Locke, Bratati Kahali, Sonja I. Berndt, Anne E. Justice, Tune H. Pers, Felix R. Day, C. E. Powell, Sailaja Vedantam, Martin L. Buchkovich, Jian Yang, Damien C. Croteau‐Chonka, Tõnu Esko, Tove Fall, Teresa Ferreira, Stefan Gustafsson, Zoltán Kutalik, Jian’an Luan, Reedik Mägi, Joshua C. Randall, Thomas W. Winkler, Andrew R. Wood, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Jessica D. Faul, Jennifer A. Smith, Wei Zhao, Wei Zhao, Rudolf S.N. Fehrmann, Åsa K. Hedman, Juha Karjalainen, Ellen M. Schmidt, Devin Absher, Najaf Amin, Denise Anderson, Marian Beekman, Jennifer L. Bolton, Jennifer L. Bragg‐Gresham, Steven Buyske, Ayşe Demirkan, Guohong Deng, Georg Ehret, Bjarke Feenstra, Mary F. Feitosa, Krista Fischer, Anuj Goel, Jian Gong, Anne Jackson, Stavroula Kanoni, Marcus E. Kleber, Kati Kristiansson, Unhee Lim, Vaneet Lotay, Massimo Mangino, Irene Mateo Leach, Carolina Medina‐Gómez, Sarah E. Medland, Michael A. Nalls, Dorota Pasko, Sonali Pechlivanis, Marjolein J. Peters, Inga Prokopenko, Dmitry Shungin, Alena Stančáková, Rona J. Strawbridge, Toshiko Tanaka, Alexander Teumer, Stella Trompet, Sander W. van der Laan, Jessica van Setten, Jana V. van Vliet‐Ostaptchouk, Loïc Yengo, Weihua Zhang, Aaron Isaacs, Eva Albrecht, Johan Ärnlöv, Gillian M. Arscott, Antony Attwood, Stefania Bandinelli, Amy Barrett, Isabelita Bas, Claire Bellis, Amanda J. Bennett, Christian Berne, Roza Blagieva, Matthias Blüher, Stefan Böhringer, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Yvonne Böttcher, Heather A. Boyd, Marcel Bruinenberg, Ida Henriette Caspersen, Yii‐Der Ida Chen, Robert Clarke, E. Warwick Daw, Anton J. M. de Craen, Graciela Delgado, Maria Dimitriou, Alex S. F. Doney, Niina Eklund, Karol Estrada, Elodie Eury, Lasse Folkersen, Ross M. Fraser, Melissa E. Garcia, Frank Geller, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Bruna Gigante, Alan S. Go, Alain Golay, Alison H. Goodall, Scott D. Gordon, Mathias Gorski, Hans J. Grabe, Harald Grallert, Tanja B. Grammer, Jürgen Gräßler, Henrik Grönberg, Christopher J. Groves, Gaëlle Gusto, Jeffrey Haessler, Per Hall, Toomas Haller, Göran Hallmans, Catharina A. Hartman, Maija Hassinen, Caroline Hayward, Nancy L. Heard‐Costa, Quinta Helmer, Christian Hengstenberg, Oddgeir L. Holmen, Jouke‐Jan Hottenga, Janina M. Jeff, Åsa Johansson, Jennifer Jolley, Thorhildur Juliusdottir, Leena Kinnunen, Wolfgang Köenig, Markku Koskenvuo, Wolfgang Kratzer, Jaana Laitinen, Claudia Lamina, Karin Leander, Sang Lee, Peter Lichtner, Lars Lind, Jaana Lindström, Ken Sin Lo, Stéphane Lobbens, Roberto Lorbeer, Yingchang Lu, François Mach, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Anubha Mahajan, Wendy L. McArdle, Stela McLachlan, Cristina Menni, Sigrun Merger, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Alireza Moayyeri, Keri L. Monda, Mario A. Morken, Antonella Mulas, Gabriele Müller, Martina Müller‐Nurasyid, Arthur W. Musk, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Markus M. Nöthen, Ilja M. Nolte, Stefan Pilz, Nigel W. Rayner, Frida Renström, Rainer Rettig, Janina S. Ried, Stephan Ripke, Neil R. Robertson, Lynda M. Rose, Serena Sanna, Hubert Scharnagl, Salome Scholtens, Fredrick R. Schumacher, William R. Scott, Thomas Seufferlein, Jianxin Shi, Albert V. Smith, Joanna Smolonska, Alice Stanton, Valgerður Steinthórsdóttir, Kathleen Stirrups, Heather M. Stringham, Johan Sundström, Morris A. Swertz, Amy J. Swift, Ann‐Christine Syvänen, Bamidele O. Tayo, Barbara Thorand, Guðmar Þorleifsson, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Hae‐Won Uh, Liesbeth Vandenput, Frank C. Verhulst, Sita H. Vermeulen, Niek Verweij, Judith M. Vonk, Lindsay L. Waite, Helen R. Warren, Dawn Waterworth, Michael N. Weedon, Lynne R. Wilkens, Christina Willenborg, Tom Wilsgaard, Mary K. Wojczynski, Andrew Wong, Alan F. Wright, Qunyuan Zhang, Eoin Brennan, Murim Choi, Zari Dastani, Alexander Drong, Per Eriksson, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Jesper R. Gådin, Ali G. Gharavi, Michael E. Goddard, Robert E. Handsaker, Jinyan Huang, Fredrik Karpe, Sekar Kathiresan, Sarah Keildson, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Michiaki Kubo, Jong‐Young Lee, Liming Liang, Richard P. Lifton, Baoshan Ma, Steven A. McCarroll, Amy Jayne McKnight, Josine L. Min, Miriam F. Moffatt, Grant W. Montgomery, Joanne M. Murabito, Dale R. Nyholt, Yukinori Okada, John R. B. Perry, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Eva Reinmaa, Rany M. Salem, Niina Sandholm, Robert A. Scott, Lisette Stolk, Atsushi Takahashi, Toshihiro Tanaka, Ferdinand M. van’t Hooft, Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen, Harm-Jan Westra, Wei Zheng, Krina T. Zondervan, Andrew C. Heath, Dominique Arveiler, Stephan J. L. Bakker, John Beilby, Richard N. Bergman, John Blangero, Pascal Bovet, Harry Campbell, Mark J. Caulfield, Aravinda Chakravarti, Daniel I. Chasman, Peter S. Chines, Francis S. Collins, Dana C. Crawford, L. Adrienne Cupples, Daniele Cusi, John Danesh, Ulf dé Fairé, Hester M. den Ruijter, Anna F. Dominiczak, Raimund Erbel, Jeanette Erdmann, Johan G. Eriksson, Martin Farrall, Stephan B. Felix, Ele Ferrannini, Jean Ferrières, Ian Ford, Nita G. Forouhi, Terrence Forrester, Oscar H. Franco, Ron T. Gansevoort, Pablo V. Gejman, Christian Gieger, Omri Gottesman, Vilmundur Guðnason, Ulf Gyllensten, Alistair S. Hall, Tamara B. Harris, Andrew T. Hattersley, Andrew A. Hicks, Lucia A. Hindorff, Aroon D. Hingorani, Albert Hofman, Georg Homuth, G. Kees Hovingh, Steve E. Humphries, Steven C. Hunt, Elina Hyppönen, Thomas Illig, Kevin B. Jacobs, Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin, Karl‐Heinz Jöckel, Berit Johansen, J. Wouter Jukema, Antti Jula, Jaakko Kaprio, John J.P. Kastelein, Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Paul Knekt, Jaspal S. Kooner, Charles Kooperberg, Péter Kovács, Aldi T. Kraja, Meena Kumari, Johanna Kuusisto, Timo A. Lakka, Claudia Langenberg, Loı̈c Le Marchand, Terho Lehtimäki, Valeriya Lyssenko, Satu Männistö, André Marette, Tara C. Matise, Colin A. McKenzie, Barbara McKnight, Frans L. Moll, Andrew D. Morris, Andrew P. Morris, Jeffrey C. Murray, Mari Nelis, Claes Ohlsson, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Ken K. Ong, Pamela A. F. Madden, Gerard Pasterkamp, John F. Peden, Annette Peters, Dirkje S. Postma, Peter P. Pramstaller, Jackie F. Price, Lu Qi, Olli Raitakari, Tuomo Rankinen, D. C. Rao, Treva Rice, Paul M. Ridker, John D. Rioux, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Igor Rudan, Veikko Salomaa, Nilesh J. Samani, Jouko Saramies, Mark A. Sarzynski, Heribert Schunkert, Peter Schwarz, Peter Sever, Alan R. Shuldiner, Juha Sinisalo, Ronald P. Stolk, Konstantin Strauch, Anke Tönjes, David‐Alexandre Trégouët, Angelo Tremblay, Elena Tremoli, Jarmo Virtamo, Marie‐Claude Vohl, Uwe Völker, Gérard Waeber, Gonneke Willemsen, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, M. Carola Zillikens, Linda S. Adair, Philippe Amouyel, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Themistocles L. Assimes, Murielle Bochud, Bernhard O. Boehm, Eric Boerwinkle, Stefan R. Bornstein, Erwin P. Böttinger, Claude Bouchard, Stéphane Cauchi, John C. Chambers, Stephen J. Chanock, Paul I. W. de Bakker, George Dedoussis, Luigi Ferrucci, Paul W. Franks, Philippe Froguel, Christopher A. Haiman, Anders Hamsten, Jennie Hui, David J. Hunter, Kristian Hveem, Robert C. Kaplan, Mika Kivimäki, Diana Kuh, Markku Laakso, Ching‐Ti Liu, Nicholas G. Martin, Winfried März, Mads Melbye, Andres Metspalu, Susanne Moebus, Patricia B. Munroe, Inger Njølstad, Ben A. Oostra, Nancy L. Pedersen, Markus Perola, Louis Përusse, Ulrike Peters, Chris Power, Thomas Quertermous, Rainer Rauramaa, Fernando Rivadeneira, Timo Saaristo, Danish Saleheen, Naveed Sattar, Eric E. Schadt, David Schlessinger, P. Eline Slagboom, Harold Snieder, Tim D. Spector, Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir, Michael Stümvoll, Jaakko Tuomilehto, André G. Uitterlinden, Matti Uusitupa, Pim van der Harst, Mark Walker, Henri Wallaschofski, Nicholas J. Wareham, Hugh Watkins, David R. Weir, H‐Erich Wichmann, James F. Wilson, Pieter Zanen, Ingrid B. Borecki, Panos Deloukas, Caroline S. Fox, Iris M. Heid, Jeffrey R. O’Connell, David P. Strachan, Kāri Stefánsson, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Lude Franke, Timothy M. Frayling, Mark I. McCarthy, Peter M. Visscher, André Scherag, Cristen J. Willer, Michael Boehnke, Karen L. Mohlke, Cecilia M. Lindgren, J. Beckmann, Inês Barroso, Kari E. North, Erik Ingelsson, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Ruth J. F. Loos, Elizabeth K. Speliotes
Bibliographic record
VenueNature · 2015
Typereview
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic Associations and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsUniversité de MontréalInstitut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de QuébecMcGill UniversityUniversité LavalMontreal Heart Institute
FundersEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institute on Minority Health and Health DisparitiesNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNational Cancer InstituteNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchNational Institute on AgingNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteCenter for Sepsis Control and CareNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesMedical Research CouncilUniversitätsklinikum JenaHögskolan DalarnaCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisImperial College LondonHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenEconomic and Social Research CouncilUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillEuropean Genomic Institute for DiabetesUniversité de LilleLundbeckfondenNovo Nordisk FondenWellcome TrustCancer Research UKNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBritish Heart Foundation
KeywordsBody mass indexYield (engineering)ObesityBiologyComputational biologyPhysicsEndocrinology
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.009
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.381
Teacher spread0.323 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations4,903
Published2015
Admission routes1
Has abstractno