Thermally Stable Two‐Dimensional Hexagonal Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Anatase, Meso‐nc‐TiO<sub>2</sub>: Bulk and Crack‐Free Thin Film Morphologies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Herein a novel synthetic route is described for the production of thermally stable, structurally well‐defined two‐dimensional (2D) hexagonal mesoporous nanocrystalline anatase (meso‐nc‐TiO2), with a large pore diameter, narrow pore‐size distribution, high surface area, and robust inorganic walls comprised of nanocrystalline anatase. The synthetic approach involves the evaporation‐induced co‐assembly of a non‐ionic amphiphilic triblock‐copolymer template and titanium tetraethoxide, but with a pivotal change in the main solvent of the system, where the commonly used ethanol is replaced with 1‐butanol. This seemingly minor modification in solvent type from ethanol to 1‐butanol turns out to be the key synthetic strategy for achieving a robust, structurally well‐ordered meso‐nc‐TiO2 material in the form of either thick or thin films. The beneficial “solvent” effect originates from the higher hydrophobicity of 1‐butanol than ethanol, enhancing microphase separation and templating, lower critical micelle concentration of the template in 1‐butanol, and the ability to increase the relative concentration of the inorganic precursor to template in the co‐assembly synthesis. Moreover, thin films with dimensions of several centimeters that are devoid of cracks down to the length scale of the mesostructure itself, having high porosity, well‐defined mesostructural features, and semi‐crystalline pore walls were straightforwardly and reproducibly obtained as a result of the physicochemical property advantages of 1‐butanol over ethanol within our synthesis scheme.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".