An Unfulfilled Promise of Enlightenment: Kemalism and its Liberal Critics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A defining feature of Turkish politics during the 2000s has been the alliance between liberals and Islamic conservatives. While legitimizing Islamic conservatism, the liberals have concomitantly de‐legitimized Kemalism. Ultimately, the liberal disavowal is a call for a reexamination of the Turkish secularist experience, and in particular of how it relates to Western, emancipating traditions. The potential of freedom has remained unfulfilled because Turkish secularism has never really broken with the orthodox mentality of the past. Mirroring the failure of the secular‐minded Ottoman reformers of the nineteenth century, who had initially held out an unfulfilled promise of universalism, enshrined in the concept of liberal citizenship, the Kemalists have gotten stuck in parochial nationalism. The promise of universalism was distorted by the allure of the parochial, as the rational succumbed to the mystique of the primordial. The story of Turkish secularism is ultimately one about the promise of an enlightened modernity being overrun by the primordial forces of history and tradition.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.044 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".