Debatable questions of Boreal Triassic stratigraphy: boundary between middle and upper series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Various opinions on the position of the Middle/Upper Triassic boundary have been concisely reviewed. The lower boundary of the Carnian Stage is accepted at the base of the Trachyceras aon Zone. The recentmost data on biostratigraphy of boundary beds of the Ladinian and Carnian Stages of the Southern Alps, Himalayas, British Columbia, northeastern Asia, Svalbard, and Arctic Canada have been considered and critically analyzed. Using sections of British Columbia with mixed Boreal and Tethyan fauna of Ammonoidea, we compared biostratigraphic schemes of the Middle/Upper Triassic boundary interval of the Boreal and Tethyan regions. On the basis of correlations and paleontological data, the lower boundary of the Carnian Stage in Northeastern Asia is suggested to be drawn at the base of the ammonoid “Protrachyceras” omkutchanicum Zone and its equivalents in other Boreal regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".