Pressure Maintenance and Improving Oil Recovery with CO2 Injection in Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, techniques have been developed to experimentally evaluate performance of CO2 injection in heavy oil reservoirs for pressure maintenance purpose. More specifically, a three-dimensional (3D) physical model consisting of five vertical wells and three horizontal wells is used to examine effect of well configurations on pressure maintenance and oil recovery with CO2 injection in heavy oil reservoirs. The initial oil saturation, oil production rate, water cut, gas-oil ratio, ultimate oil recovery, and distribution of residual oil saturation are examined under various well configurations, which can be optimized to maximize heavy oil recovery when CO2 injection is employed for pressure maintenance purpose. The well configuration with a horizontal producer plus four vertical injectors is found to achieve a better performance than the conventional five-spot well configuration, while the oil recovery is experimentally determined to be 15.7% of OOIP during CO2 injection process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".