A WATER MASER AND NH<sub>3</sub>SURVEY OF GLIMPSE EXTENDED GREEN OBJECTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the results of a Nobeyama 45 m H 2 O maser and NH 3 survey of all 94 northern GLIMPSE extended green objects (EGOs), a sample of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) identified based on their extended 4.5 μm emission. We observed the NH 3 (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) inversion lines, and detected emission toward 97%, 63%, and 46% of our sample, respectively (median rms ∼ 50 mK). The H 2 O maser detection rate is 68% (median rms ∼ 0.11 Jy). The derived H 2 O maser and clump-scale gas properties are consistent with the identification of EGOs as young MYSOs. To explore the degree of variation among EGOs, we analyze subsamples defined based on mid-infrared (MIR) properties or maser associations. H 2 O masers and warm dense gas, as indicated by emission in the higher-excitation NH 3 transitions, are most frequently detected toward EGOs also associated with both Class I and II CH 3 OH masers. Ninety-five percent (81%) of such EGOs are detected in H 2 O (NH 3 (3,3)), compared to only 33% (7%) of EGOs without either CH 3 OH maser type. As populations, EGOs associated with Class I and/or II CH 3 OH masers have significantly higher NH 3 line widths, column densities, and kinetic temperatures than EGOs undetected in CH 3 OH maser surveys. However, we find no evidence for statistically significant differences in H 2 O maser properties (such as maser luminosity) among any EGO subsamples. Combining our data with the 1.1 mm continuum Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey, we find no correlation between isotropic H 2 O maser luminosity and clump number density. H 2 O maser luminosity is weakly correlated with clump (gas) temperature and clump mass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".