Numerical second- and third-harmonic generation microscopy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A full numerical description of second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) at the focus of a nonlinear microscope is presented. The numerical implementation takes into account reflections and refraction by an arbitrary number of interfaces perpendicular to the optical axis in the focal region. The calculation of the second- and third-harmonic far-field radiation pattern is based on a Green function approach and is presented for any collection direction. The calculations are sped up by using the chirp-z transform for the focusing fields as well as for the far-field radiation calculation. Numerical evidence is presented for deviations in the measurement of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility ratio ρ≡χyyy(2)/χyxx(2) of collagen fibers in SHG microscopy at high excitation numerical aperture. When interface reflections are taken into account, significant direct backward THG is demonstrated from interfaces and multilayer structures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it