Decoupled luminance decay and voltage drift in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: Forward bias vs. reverse bias operation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sandwich polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with low electrolyte loading have been investigated. The LECs can be turned on to emit light at low voltages by applying either a forward- or reverse-bias current. The reverse operation, however, displays significantly higher luminance, frozen-junction behavior, and voltage instability. Moreover, the LECs display de-coupled luminance decay and voltage drift. Under forward-current operation, the luminance decreases for most of the test duration, while the operating voltage remains nearly unchanged. Under reverse-current operation, the luminance remains constant for over 200 h while the operating voltage more than doubles. The highly asymmetric device characteristics between forward and reverse operation can be explained by the different doping profiles created when the initial charge injection barriers are different. Under forward-current operation, the LEC film is predominantly p-doped. This leads to heavy luminescence quenching but a stable operating voltage. Under reverse operation, a predominately n-doped film is responsible for the higher luminance, frozen-junction behavior, and voltage drift. The anomalous device characteristics offer additional insights into the complex operating mechanism of LECs and the behaviours of a doped luminescent polymer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".