Bibliographic record
Abstract
The distribution theory of runs and patterns has been successfully used in a variety of applications including, for example, nonparametric hypothesis testing, reliability theory, quality control, DNA sequence analysis, general applied probability and computer science. The exact distributions of the number of runs and patterns are often very hard to obtain or computationally problematic, especially when the pattern is complex and n is very large. Normal, Poisson and compound Poisson approximations are frequently used to approximate these distributions. In this manuscript, we (i) study the asymptotic relative error of the normal, Poisson, compound Poisson and finite Markov chain imbedding and large deviation approximations; and (ii) provide some numerical studies to comparing these approximations with the exact probabilities for moderately sized n . Both theoretical and numerical results show that, in the relative sense, the finite Markov chain imbedding approximation performs the best in the left tail and the large deviation approximation performs best in the right tail. Primary 60E05; Secondary 60J10
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.054 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".