An investigation into the crashworthiness characteristics of steering wheel armatures from common compact passenger cars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes an experimental testing procedure in which samples of steering wheel armatures from popular 1996–2001 compact vehicles were subjected to impact loading using a drop tower testing device in which a 57 kg rigid plate impacts a steering wheel with a velocity of 3.2 m/s. The purpose of the study was to investigate the crashworthiness characteristics of steering wheel armatures from a similar vehicle line in terms of peak loads, crush force efficiency, elastic response, energy efficiency, specific energy absorption, and the energy absorption factor. In order to obtain comparable results a rigid plate was used to impact the steering wheel armatures to ensure that all the energy absorption through plastic deformation occurred only in the steering wheel armatures. Analysis of the experimental results has shown that the dish depth directly influences the energy absorbed by the armature and that the joining of the spokes to the rim of the armature and the spoke profile significantly affects the load versus displacement profile of the armature. These findings provide useful information that can be used to optimize steering wheel geometry for crashworthiness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".