Film-Cooling Efficiency in a Laval Nozzle Under Conditions of High Freestream Turbulence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present work we experimentally examined the effect of enhanced freestream turbulence on the film-cooling efficiency in an axisymmetric supersonic nozzle. A considerable reduction in the film-cooling efficiency was observed with increasing level of flow turbulence, both in the subsonic and supersonic parts of the Laval nozzle. For instance, an increase in the freestream turbulence number from 0.2% to 15% resulted in more than twofold deterioration of film-cooling efficiency. A similar decrease of film-cooling efficiency was also observed under off-design flow conditions. At the same time, the increase in the freestream turbulence number had almost no effect on the recovery factor and on the distribution of static pressure over the length of the nozzle. The Kutateladze-Leont'ev asymptotic theory of gas cooling films was used to generalize the experimental data for nozzle flows with allowance for flow nonisothermality, compressibility, longitudinal pressure gradient, and high freestream turbulence number.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".