A Novel Contextual Classification Algorithm for Multitemporal Polarimetric SAR Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter presents a pixel-based contextual classification algorithm by integrating a multiscale modified Pappas adaptive clustering (mMPAC) and an adaptive Markov random field (AMRF) into the stochastic expectation-maximization process for urban land cover mapping using multitemporal polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data. This algorithm can effectively explore spatiotemporal contextual information to improve classification accuracy. Using the mMPAC, the problem caused by the class feature variation could be mitigated. Using the AMRF, shape details could be preserved from overaveraging that often occurs in many nonadaptive contextual approaches. Six-date RADARSAT-2 PolSAR data over the Greater Toronto Area were used for evaluation. The results show that this algorithm outperformed the support vector machine in producing homogeneous and detailed land cover classification in a complex urban environment with high accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".