Flexible grid spacing using Nyquist-shaped channels for undersea transmission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we experimentally study DC-PM-BPSK, PM-QPSK, and PM-16QAM at 35 Gbaud for undersea transmission in a WDM environment with frequency spacing ranging from 50 GHz (DWDM) to 33 GHz (Super-Nyquist). The experimental study focuses on noise, linear cross-talk, and nonlinear tolerance in two undersea applications: (1) Legacy dispersion-managed submarine cables up to 5,000 km in length and (2) New uncompensated submarine cables up to 12,500 km in length. We experimentally demonstrate that a reduction in frequency spacing below the symbol rate can be achieved, and quantify the performance penalties. We also show a comparison of performance and reach between legacy dispersion-managed applications, and new uncompensated applications, as the frequency spacing is reduced below the symbol rate. It is shown that the constellation and line system dispersion map have a significant impact on the tolerance to linear and nonlinear interference generated by narrow frequency spacing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".