Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thalidomide is both an old and a new drug, whose history is steeped in controversy. It was originally introduced in 1957 as a sedative-hypnotic and antiemetic drug for use during pregnancy. It was withdrawn in late 1961 because of its potent teratogenic effects on limb development (amelia, absence of limb; phocomelia, seal limb) and other congenital abnormalities. Interestingly, particularly in light of two articles in this issue of Neurology ,1,2⇓ it was concern over early reports of peripheral neuropathy in adults that prevented approval of the drug in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), largely averting the tragic consequences seen in 46 other countries.3 Thalidomide is a glutamic acid derivative that has several actions. These include a role in modifying integrin receptors, altering tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) production, and inhibiting angiogenesis.4 It down-regulates TNFα synthesis by accelerating its mRNA degradation, an action that may alter the course of nerve Wallerian degeneration but that may also paradoxically lessen neuropathic pain.5,6⇓ Among these actions, why it causes clinical neuropathy is unclear because neither TNFα nor angiogenesis appears necessary to intact peripheral nerves. A direct action at the level of the cell …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".