Loss of function of vascular smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide‐dependent and ‐independent interactions with tumorigenic cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known about the interaction of tumor cells with host vascular smooth muscle cells. In reconstitution experiments, tumorigenic cell lines (including the rat hepatocarcinoma Morris 7777 and human melanoma M-21) were cultured for 17 hr in the presence of rat aortic rings, subsequently evaluated in contractility assays (response to phenylephrine and KCl). An agonist-independent loss of contractility was observed in rings pre-incubated with either tumorigenic cell lines or their conditioned medium (CM). The depressing effect of Morris cells depends largely on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells and was reversed by an inhibitor of this enzyme; iNOS immunoreactivity was verified in some muscular vessels at the periphery of tumors formed by the Morris cell line in rats. The M-21 melanoma produces cytotoxicity in rat aortic rings (presence of single stranded DNA, cleavage of PARP, in differentiated smooth muscle only), accounting for the irreversible loss of contractility. The cytotoxicity produced by M-21 CM is not dependent on NO. Gel filtration of CM suggests that both the iNOS- and cytotoxicity-inducing substances from Morris hepatoma cells or M-21 cells, respectively, are mainly of low molecular weight (1 kDa or less). Other cell lines derived from rat or human tumors produce minimal effects on the rat aorta smooth muscle (H4-II-E-C3) or an irreversible anergy (RBL, MDA-MB-231, HEP-3B, HEP G2). The results emphasize that inhibition of vascular smooth muscle is relevant to tumor biology both by modulation of tumoral hemodynamics and by influencing the state of vessel maturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".