Experimental Tests and Modelling of an Electrodeionization Cell for the Treatment of Dilute Copper Solutions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of an electrodeionization process for the removal of metal cations from dilute solutions. The ability of this technique to treat 100 ppm copper solutions using cationic membranes and ion‐exchange resins between the membranes was studied. Fair abatement yields were obtained in the 100 mm high resin bed in long‐term runs, and solutions of an appreciable copper ion concentration could be produced in the cathode chamber. The process capacity was limited by significant deposition of copper at the cathode, non‐even distribution of current density, and side‐diffusion to the anode chamber. Additional tests were then carried out using a 15 mm resin bed. The more even current distributions allowed the effect of the resin stiffness and the current density on the removal yield to be thoroughly observed. Steady‐state operation of the resin bed was modelled using generalized expressions of the various transport rates. Results of the model clearly showed the significance of solid‐liquid interactions on the transport processes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it