Luminescence Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion of Nanocrystalline Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The near-infrared to visible upconversion properties of nanocrystalline Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12:Er 3+ (1 and 5%) were studied following excitation of the 4 I 9/2 exited state with 800 nm radiation. Intense green and red emissions were observed from the ( 2 H 11/2, 4 S 3/2 ) → 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions, respectively. The upconverted decay times in the 1% sample were identical compared to those obtained with 488 nm excitation, indicating that ESA was responsible for populating the upper emitting states. However, as the Er 3+ concentration was increased to 5%, the upconverted decay times were lengthened and deviated from exponentiality, indicating the presence of energy transfer upconversion. In addition, an enhancement of the red ( 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) upconversion emission was observed in the 5% sample and occurred via an energy transfer process of the type ( 4 I 9/2, 4 I 11/2 ) → ( 4 I 13/2, 4 F 9/2 ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".