Luminescence Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion of Nanocrystalline Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The near-infrared to visible upconversion properties of nanocrystalline Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12:Er 3+ (1 and 5%) were studied following excitation of the 4 I 9/2 exited state with 800 nm radiation. Intense green and red emissions were observed from the ( 2 H 11/2, 4 S 3/2 ) → 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions, respectively. The upconverted decay times in the 1% sample were identical compared to those obtained with 488 nm excitation, indicating that ESA was responsible for populating the upper emitting states. However, as the Er 3+ concentration was increased to 5%, the upconverted decay times were lengthened and deviated from exponentiality, indicating the presence of energy transfer upconversion. In addition, an enhancement of the red ( 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) upconversion emission was observed in the 5% sample and occurred via an energy transfer process of the type ( 4 I 9/2, 4 I 11/2 ) → ( 4 I 13/2, 4 F 9/2 ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".