Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Intestinal Reoxygenation Injury in Hypoxic Newborn Piglets Resuscitated with 100% Oxygen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neonatal asphyxia may lead to the development of ischemia-reperfusion induced intestinal injury, which is related to oxygen-derived free radical production. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a thiol-containing antioxidant which increases intracellular stores of glutathione. OBJECTIVES: Using a swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation, we examined whether administration of NAC after resuscitation improved intestinal perfusion and reduced intestinal damage. METHODS: Twenty-four piglets (1-4 days old, 1.4-2.2 kg) were anesthetized and acutely instrumented for continuous monitoring of superior mesenteric arterial flow and oxygen delivery. Alveolar hypoxia was induced for 2 h, followed by resuscitation with 100% oxygen for 1 h and 21% oxygen for 3 h. Animals were randomized to sham-operated, hypoxic control and NAC treatment (150 mg/kg i.v. at 0 or 10 min of reoxygenation followed by infusion 100 mg/kg/h) groups. During hypoxia-reoxygenation, intestinal tissue glutathione content, caspase-3 activity and reoxygenation injury were examined. RESULTS: After 2 h of hypoxia, piglets were acidotic and hypotensive, with significantly depressed blood flow and oxygen delivery to the small intestine. Upon reoxygenation, hemodynamics recovered as did oxygen supply to the small intestine. After 4 h of reoxygenation, the NAC treatment improved mesenteric flow and oxygen delivery. Despite reducing the increase in caspase-3 activities after hypoxia-reoxygenation by NAC treatment, no significant differences in the glutathione content and histological grading of ileal injury were found among the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: In newborn piglets with hypoxia-reoxygenation, NAC may improve mesenteric blood flow and oxygen delivery without significant effect on tissue glutathione content. The protective role of NAC in the reoxygenated intestine after severe hypoxia warrants further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".