Growth, development and maintenance of American water shrews (Sorex palustris) in captivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper documents a cost-effective method for the long-term housing and maintenance of water shrews. Wild-caught American water shrews (Sorex palustris) were successfully maintained in this set up for up to 2 years, suggesting a maximum lifespan of 28 months for this species in captivity. In addition, we describe the postnatal growth and development of S. palustris based on data collected from two litters born in captivity, together with corresponding changes in maternal mass over the gestational and postpartum periods. Minimum gestation for this species is 21 days with neonatal mass at birth averaging 0.42 g (n = 3). This study recorded one of the fastest growth rates to date for any Sorex shrew (0.51 g/day), with body mass beginning to plateau by 23 days of age. During the last two weeks of pregnancy, body mass of one pregnant shrew increased from 16.0 to 22.8 g (0.45 g/day). Maternal mass quickly dropped by 5 to 7 g following birth. However, maternal body mass then gradually increased by ca. 20% during the 24 to 27 day lactation period, despite a >30 fold increase in litter mass over this same interval. Exposure of young to water was initiated on day 25 with only surface swimming occurring on this day. All shrews were observed diving the following day, and appeared to be fully proficient divers by 40 to 45 days of age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".