EXPRESSION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 IN CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANES FROM AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION PATIENTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in human choroidal neovascular membranes. Methods: Paraffin-embedded sections of choroidal neovascular membranes excised from 16 patients with wet age-related macular degeneration were used for this study. Sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal mouse antihuman COX-2 antibody. Staining was classified as either negative or positive in retinal pigment epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Serial sections were stained for vimentin expression to confirm tissue antigenicity. Results: Eleven of 16 (69%) choroidal neovascular membranes stained positive for COX-2 in retinal pigment epithelial cells, with 6 (38%) of these also expressing COX-2 in vascular endothelial cells and 6 (38%) in fibroblasts. None of the sections that were negative for COX-2 in the retinal pigment epithelial cells showed COX-2 expression in the other cell types assessed. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0097) in the mean ages between the COX-2 positive group (65.6 years) and COX-2 negative group (76.8 years) as determined by a two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test. Conclusion: The expression of COX-2 in human choroidal neovascular membranes suggests a possible role for this modulator in age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis. The age-dependent expression observed is novel and warrants further investigation. The expression of COX-2 was investigated in human choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Immunohistochemical results demonstrate that a subset of membranes assayed exhibit COX-2 positivity. Expression of COX-2 seems to occur in an age-dependent manner, with membranes from older patients generally lacking this expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".