Microhabitat Use of Juvenile Atlantic Cod in a Coastal Area of Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scuba surveys were used to examine the seasonal abundance and habitat use (substrate, temperature, and depth) of two species of juvenile cod Gadus spp. over the diel cycle in a coastal area of Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland. The abundance of age-0 cod increased throughout the study period (from early August until mid-November), while that of age-1 and age-2 Atlantic cod Gadus morhua peaked in mid-October. The diel abundance of age-1 Atlantic cod increased with the onset of dusk, indicating that these individuals moved from other habitats into the study area at this time. Although all age-classes used areas with kelp significantly more than other areas during the day, the differences between age-classes became apparent at dusk. Age-1 cod showed no significant difference in habitat density at dusk, while age-2 cod had higher concentrations over complex substrates (kelp and boulders); habitat use at dusk by age-0 cod was inconclusive. No significant differences in nocturnal habitat use were found for age-0 and age-1 fish; the results for age-2 fish were inconclusive. Throughout the study period, the 0 and 1 age-classes were found in shallower water at night. Previous studies suggest that diel inshore movements provide metabolic benefits to cod moving through a temperature gradient associated with a distinct thermocline. Although cod occupied colder water during the day in the summer and early fall, the continuation of this diel movement pattern after the disappearance of the thermocline suggests that there are other mechanisms influencing this pattern.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".