Developmental versus environmental control of early leaf phenology in juvenile Ohio buckeye (<i>Aesculus glabra</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spring phenology of juveniles of many canopy tree species in deciduous forests predates that of adult conspecifics. To determine whether the earlier phenology of seedlings of Aesculus glabra Willd. (Ohio buckeye) in Illinois, U.S.A., is developmentally or environmentally controlled, seedlings of five maternal parents were grown either in the understory or above a barn roof, simulating environmental conditions experienced at canopy height. Relative to canopy seedlings, understory seedlings had significantly earlier bud break (mean = 6 d), leaf expansion (8 d), leaf senescence (23 d), and leaf drop (18 d). Bud break and leaf expansion of canopy seedlings equalled that of canopy trees of Ohio buckeye, but senescence and leaf drop of canopy seedlings predated canopy trees by 45 and 67 d, respectively. Overall, results show evidence for environmental control over the spring phenology of juveniles. Thermal sums in spring accumulated more rapidly in the forest understory where nighttime temperatures were warmer than above the barn roof. Thus, the environmental control of spring phenology appears to be a non-stage-specific temperature cue that accumulates at different rates along the forest's vertical gradient. In contrast, senescence and leaf drop, while somewhat responsive to the environment, displayed strong developmental constraint.Key words: bud break, developmental constraint, leaf drop, leaf expansion, leaf senescence, thermal sums.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".