Medical and Surgical Procedures Experienced by Young Children With Cerebral Palsy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the variation in medical and surgical procedures experienced by children with cerebral palsy (CP) by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and geographical region. METHODS: A secondary analysis of an existing database was completed on 386 children with CP (56% male) between the ages of 18 months and 5 years (mean of 38 months, SD = 11.5). The total number of procedures experienced by young children was analyzed using 1-way analyses of variance. RESULTS: Botulinum toxin A (Botox) injections, gastrostomies, shunts, and interventions involving the gastrointestinal tract, respiration, and eyes varied significantly by GMFCS level. No meaningful variations were detected between East, Central, and West regions in North America. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes variations in medical and surgical procedures for children with CP across GMFCS levels. This information is useful for therapists and parents when planning comprehensive services for young children with CP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".