Drop Size Distributions and the Lack of Small Drops in RICO Rain Shafts
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Data from the new two-dimensional stereo (2D-S) probe are used to evaluate drop size distributions in rain shafts observed during the Rain in Shallow Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) experiment. The 2D-S takes images of both precipitation drops and cloud droplets with 10-μm resolution. These are the first reported measurements of rain to include sizes smaller than 100 μm. The primary result is that there are almost no hydrometeors smaller than about 100 μm in these rain shafts. The measured low concentration of small hydrometeors implies that their rate of production is slow relative to their removal rate. Algorithms for removing the spurious effects of splashing precipitation and noisy photodiodes on 2D probes are also described.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it