A MHD mechanism for the generation of the meridional current system during substorm expansion phase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we propose a MHD mechanism for the generation of the meridional current system (MCS) during the substorm expansion phase (EP). The upward field‐aligned current (FAC) intensifies as the dawn‐dusk plasma pressure gradient enhances in the Harang region during the substorm EP. As a consequence of this intensification, the plasma convection pattern changes, with eastward flow accelerations observed in both the ionosphere and midmagnetotail during early substorm EP. The increasing eastward flow is associated with an inertial current in the midtail whose divergence give rise to a downward FAC poleward of the upward FAC region, constituting a MCS configuration. Theoretical calculations based upon the mechanism shows consistency with many observed features of the MCS. We further discuss how the present work relates to the large‐scale FAC system and the interactions among its various components, with a particular emphasis on the MCS contribution to the overall substorm current closure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".