The middle lamella remainders on the surface of various mechanical pulp fibres
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The surfaces of various mechanical pulp fibres, including thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP), and alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) fibres, were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With SEM and AFM, the middle lamella material was observed to be non‐fibrillar and patch‐like, while the fibre secondary wall was observed to have a micro‐fibrillar structure. It was found that after the first‐stage refiner, lignin‐rich middle lamella remainders were present on the fibre surface of all three pulps, although most of the fibre surfaces exhibited a micro‐fibrillar structure. After the final‐stage refining, large amounts of granules were present on the TMP fibre surface. In contrast, most middle lamella remainders were still visible on the surface of CTMP fibres after the final‐stage refining and even after peroxide bleaching. XPS results have confirmed that the non‐fibrillar surface material is the lignin‐rich middle lamella remainder that contribute to the high surface lignin concentration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it