Differential effects of sodium tungstate and vanadyl sulfate on vascular responsiveness to vasoactive agents and insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High fructose feeding induces insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in rats and mimics most of the features of the metabolic syndrome X. The effects of a 6-week treatment with the transition metals administered in drinking water, vanadium (VOSO4.5H2O, 0.75 mg/mL) or tungsten (Na2O4W, 2 g/mL), were investigated on the reactivity to norepinephrine (NEPI) or acetylcholine (ACh) of thoracic aorta rings isolated from fructose (60%) or standard chow fed rats. Maximal effect (Emax) and pD2 (-log EC50) values were determined in each case in the presence or absence of endothelium, while the degree of insulin resistance was determined using the euglycemic hyper insulinemic glucose clamp technique. Aortic segments isolated from 6-week fructose-fed animals were characterized by NEPI hyperresponsiveness (increase in Emax) and endothelium-dependent NEPI supersensitivity (increase in pD2) without any change in the reactivity to ACh. Vanadium or tungsten administered in fructose-fed animals prevented both hypertension and NEPI hyperresponsiveness, while vanadium, but not tungsten, reduced NEPI supersensitivity. Vanadium, but not tungsten, increased the relaxing activity of ACh, both in control and fructose-fed animals. Insulin resistance associated with high fructose feeding was reversed by vanadium but not by tungsten treatment. The differential effects of the two transition metals on vascular responsiveness to NEPI or ACh may be explained by their differential effects on insulin sensitivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".