Recycling in Late Roman Villas in Southern Italy: Reappraising Hearths and Kilns in Final Occupation Phases
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent excavation results from late Roman villas in southern Italy have enabled analyses of small workshops discovered in post-villa occupation phases, dating from the third to sixth centuries AD . The post-villa workshops, which included glass- and metalworking ovens and limekilns, are considered in relation to the former architecture of villas and compared with other similar-phase workshops at other sites in Italy and France. The workshop locations, their design and function, including the size and shape of ovens, and the operation and ownership of the villas in this phase are examined. The consistency in design and function of these features, in particular, indicates that the workshops were operated by skilled workers, perhaps contracted to recover and reprocess architectural materials for new construction projects or sale at market. By analyzing these workshops in isolation from other post-villa features, such as graves and post-holes, it can be further demonstrated that most villas had several sub-phases of activity and occupation after the decline of the sites. Les récents résultats de fouilles des villas romaines tardives en Italie du Sud ont permis l'analyse de petits ateliers découverts dans les phases d'occupations « post-villa », datant du III e au VI e siècle après J. C. Ces ateliers post-villa, qui comportent des fours pour le verre et les métaux, ainsi que des fours à chaux, sont étudiés en relation avec l'architecture de l'ancienne villa et comparés à des ateliers de construction similaire découverts sur d'autres sites en Italie et en France. L'emplacement des ateliers, leur conception et leur fonction - y compris la taille et la forme du four -, ainsi que l'exploitation et la possession des villas durant cette phase sont examinés. La cohérence qui existe en particulier dans la conception et la fonction de ces traits indique que les ateliers étaient gérés par des artisans qualifiés, peut-être engagés pour récupérer et réutiliser les éléments architecturaux, en vue d'un nouveau projet de construction ou pour être vendus au marché. Grâce à l'analyse de ces ateliers, indépendamment des autres caractéristiques d'occupation post-villa, telles que les tombes et les trous de poteau, il est possible également de démontrer que la plupart des villas ont eu plusieurs sous-phases d'activités et d'occupations après le déclin du site.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it