Soil Characterization in Centrifuge Models through Measurement of Shear Wave Velocities Using Bender Elements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The determination of the dynamic properties of the soil is a critical issue in geotechnical engineering. It is of a particular importance in problems involving dynamic excitation of soil systems, such as earthquakes. This research focuses on measuring the velocity of seismic waves, particularly shear waves, in the centrifuge soil models. The high noise during the centrifuge operation, and the need of using a number of bender elements in the same model, makes the use of bender elements in the centrifuge more challenging. The research starts with improving the current bender elements system at RPI Geotechnical Centrifuge Center. This involves solving electric and electromagnetic problems in the system and reducing noise and ghosting effects. The improved bender elements system is then used to determine the shear (S) wave velocities of dry Ottawa sand at different void ratios and different overconsolidation ratios in the centrifuge. The shear wave velocity measurements are also used to estimate the effect of overconsolidation on the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko). A comparison of the results is done with those published in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".